39 results
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Diagnosis Framework ... of Leg Pain: ... Causes of Leg Pain ... #diagnosis #lower ... #extremity #msk
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
Upper Extremity ... aracteristic "claw hand ... " ± Horner Syndrome ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... #neurology #sensory
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
• Cauda Equina Syndrome ... - Low back pain ... Commonly caused ... damage to peroneal nerve ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Loss of pain and ... clumsiness in hands ... saddle anesthesia. leg ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #msk
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... damage to sacral nerves ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Monteggia Fracture 
Fracture of proximal ulnar shaft with radial head dislocation. Remember “MUGR” to recall where
posterior interosseous nerve ... ), compartment syndrome ... : Pain control ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Proximal #MSK
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
paralysis of all extremity ... Reflexes: Arms or legs ... Paresthesias: Hands ... or feet • Pain ... #diagnosis #management
Causes of Hemiplegia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cerebral Hemisphere (Contralateral motor cortex)
 • Aphasia
 • Apraxia
 •
Causes of Hemiplegia ... Consciousness • Cranial Nerve ... contralateral extremity ... Brown-Sequard Syndrome ... sensory loss to pain
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
compression of nerve ... - Emergency Causes ... Differential Diagnosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #neurology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Scotoma, Ocular pain ... /pain upon eye movement ... involvement: Intractable nausea ... Manifestations #diagnosis ... #neurology #symptoms