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Initial Clinical and Laboratory Data Base for Defining Major Syndromes in Nephrology

#Major #Syndromes #Nephrology #Diagnosis #Workup
Defining Major Syndromes ... #Major #Syndromes ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Workup #Differential ... #Table
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #sodium
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... disease, Milk Alkali Syndrome ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... #Workup #nephrology
Causes of Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Primary Myocardial Processes (> 90%):
 • Acquired structural heart disease: CAD, Most
QT syndromes, Brugada ... syndrome, Catecholaminergic ... Acquired long QT syndrome ... disorders • WPW syndrome ... #differential #
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
transporter Bartter syndrome ... limb Gitelman syndrome ... tubule Liddle syndrome ... deficiency Nephrogenic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
renal Mg wasting syndromes ... - Gitelman syndrome ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table
Hypoglycemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Workup:
 • Sulfonylurea Labs
 • Anti-lnsulin Ab - Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome
 •
and Differential ... Diagnosis Workup ... Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome ... Normally, glucose stores ... Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... Repeat the sodium ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential ... alkalosis, Hungry bone syndrome ... Tumor genesis syndrome ... FGF-23: Fanconi syndrome ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... Diagnosis Baseline ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #Diagnosis #nephrology