25 results
Dilated Abdominal Veins and Caput Medusae - Direction of Blood Flow

Vein Milking technique can be used
Normal veins: Umbilicus ... • IVC Obstruction ... • SVC Obstruction ... #physicalexam #diagnosis ... #hepatology #cirrhosis
Clinical Signs of Pancreatic Cancer
Jaundice
Cachexia
Depression
Vomiting from duodenal obstruction
Lymphadenopathy
Palpable gallbladder (Courvoisier's sign)
Hepatomegaly (extrahepatic biliary obstruction/secondary deposits)
Scratch marks
of Pancreatic Cancer ... tumour spread to umbilicus ... via umbilical vein ... #Pancreatic #Cancer ... #Signs #diagnosis
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
for the liver ALP ... Bili - Direct (Obstructive ... Transaminase, ALP ... Transaminitis #diagnosis ... #hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Pregnancy - AFLP ... • Pancreatic cancer ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
of Pregnancy (AFLP ... Antithrombin Ill • Ultrasound ... liver transplant center ... iMedEducation #AFLP ... Liver #Pregnancy #hepatology
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
- Differential Diagnosis ... NOT distended on ultrasound ... Fibrosis • Cancer ... • Prostate cancer ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Cholestasis / Obstructive ... Encephalopathy Cellular Destruction ... - elevation Obstruction ... liver #chemistry #diagnosis ... #differential #Hepatology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Cancer Related ... Hepatic sinusoidal obstructive ... bladder outlet obstruction ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Classification #Nephrology
Causes of Portal Hypertension According to Site of Vascular Obstruction
1) Prehepatic pre-sinusoidal: Portal vein thrombosis due
Site of Vascular Obstruction ... due to sepsis (umbilical ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #hepatology
Causes of Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular - Liver Parenchyma
 • Infectious: Hepatitis C, A,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Acute biliary obstruction ... Pancreatic Pseudocyst, Cancer ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Acute #algorithm #hepatology