7 results
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... renal, Bladder, Breast ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Hyperthyroid, Bony ... #causes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
of Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... resorption in the bone ... resorption in the bone ... lung, Renal Cell, Breast ... Differential #Diagnosis #algorithm
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Breast, Kidney, ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... Lymphomas) Metastatic Bone ... #Endocrinology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
white or yellow areas ... around atrophic areas ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... signs #symptoms #complications
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
is the order of least-essential ... For The Adenoma Please ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Bone resorption and the relationship between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.  
RANK is expressed on the osteoclasts,
Bone resorption ... bridge”) create ... These enzymes break-down ... #Pathophysiology ... #Endocrinology