9 results
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... renal, Bladder, Breast ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Hyperthyroid, Bony ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of ... resorption in the bone ... resorption in the bone ... lung, Renal Cell, Breast ... Differential #Diagnosis #algorithm
Primary Bone Tumors - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 

Metastatic - Most common tumour in adults
 - Breast
Primary Bone Tumors ... in adults - Breast ... • Aneurysmal Bone ... Histiocytoma #Primary #Bone ... #Bony #Tumors #
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Breast, Kidney, ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... Lymphomas) Metastatic Bone ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Approach to Joint Pain

History:
Is the pain from:
	• Joint
	• Adjacent bursa
	• Tendon
	• Ligament
	• Bone
	• Muscle
	• Referred from
• Ligament • Bone ... present both at rest ... • Monosodium urate ... the subchondral bone ... #Pain #MSK #rheumatology
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
recovery after breast ... inflamed, usually in one ... will eventually break ... FrozenShoulder #pathophysiology ... stages #staging #msk
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
from TB endemic areas ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... of bacilli to bone ... /joints via hematogenous ... CXR should be done
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
on the skin • Areas ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... Decreased vasomotor tone ... Hypoglycemia - Hypocalcemia ... - Hyperkalemia
Gout - Diagnosis and Management Summary

3 Conditions for Gout to Manifest:
1. Hyperuricemia
2. Monosodium urate deposition in
deposition in joints ... Intermittent Gout • Great ... attacks • Other joints ... Dual-energy CT → MSU ... overhanging cortical bone