12 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... vasoconstrictive • Acute ... white or yellow areas ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... creatinine by at least ... multiple myeloma) • Urate ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Pathogenesis and clinical ... into the deeper retinal ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... electrolytes, urea ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical
Leptospirosis
Pathogen: Leptospira (interrogans, kirschneri, noguchii)
Risk Factors:
 • Occupational exposure - Farmers, ranchers, trappers, veterinarians
 • Recreational
Overcrowded urban areas ... non-productive cough, nausea ... Disease: Jaundice + renal ... Epidemiologic exposure + clinical ... diagnosis #treatment #management
Posterior staphyloma on Fundoscopy Ocular Examination

Patient presents bilateral posterior staphylomas and areas of scarring and fibrosis
staphylomas and areas ... staphyloma #Scarring #Retina ... #PhysicalExam #clinical ... #video #ophthalmology
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
death Common Clinical ... depressed) • Renal ... wet (dependent areas ... Classification #diagnosis #management ... #differential #causes
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
malignancy (Especially acute ... organ damage Clinical ... Treatment: • Treat ... primary cause ... #treatment #management
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
death Common Clinical ... depressed) • Renal ... wet (dependent areas ... Classification #diagnosis #management ... #differential #causes
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
syndrome, ADEM, Acute ... the underlying cause ... • Seizures: Treat ... with AEDs until cause ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management