12 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... of saccular venous ... ischemia -> Venous ... ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Hemorrhages • Serum ... white or yellow areas ... of the terminal retinal ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Urine Osmolality > Serum ... • Increased urea ... response • Central ... #Polyuria #Nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... creatinine by at least ... multiple myeloma) • Urate ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... electrolytes, urea ... osmolarity If cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Eczematous Skin Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Eczematous - Pruritic/Scaly/Erythematous lesions. Usually poorly demarcated
 • Atopic Dermatitis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Yellowish-red plaques with greasy ... on scalp/face/central ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Algorithm - Approach ... joints (arthritis), central ... nervous system ... inflammation of the retina ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Adie’s Tonic Pupil on Physical Exam

A young female was referred in for a sudden onset anisocoria.
parasympathic nervous ... parasympathetic control ... anisocoria #clinical #video ... #ophthalmology ... #physicalexam #neurology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Appropriate renal ... Release - Increased Serum ... Osmoles, Increased Urate ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... the underlying cause ... • Seizures: Treat ... with AEDs until cause ... diagnosis #management #neurology