23 results
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Central Retinal ... Second most common cause ... disease (Most common cause ... : Diabetic retinopathy ... ) #Clinical #Ophthalmology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... #Retinopathy #Diabetes ... #ophthalmology
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
: Diabetic retinopathy ... Detachment, Central ... Occlusion, Central ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #ophthalmology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pregnancy, Breast ... Hypothyroidism #Breast ... Endocrinology #Causes
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
degeneration • Diabetic ... retinopathy • Central ... poisoning • Central ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology ... #causes
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... • Increased urea ... Recovery from Acute Renal ... response • Central ... #Causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #endocrinology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polydipsia • Central ... Diabetes Insipidus ... • Nephrogenic Diabetes ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... #causes #nephrology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
nervefiber layer -> Retinal ... white or yellow areas ... of the terminal retinal ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Causes of School Difficulties - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Social Skills Deficit and Atypical Behaviour
• Consider Autism Spectrum
Causes of School ... Specific Academic Areas ... Difficulties - All Areas ... Cognitive Impairment (Mental ... #Causes #Peds #