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The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
The fourth pattern ... Lung cysts (LAM, LIP ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... #SignetRing #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern 
1. Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM): uniform cysts in woman of child-bearing age; no history of
Low Attenuation pattern ... Centrilobular emphysema ... low attenuation areas ... #Clinical #Radiology ... Comparison #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern (2) 
1. Centrilobular emphysema: low attenuation areas without walls. Notice the centrilobular artery
Low Attenuation pattern ... Centrilobular emphysema ... low attenuation areas ... #Clinical #Radiology ... Comparison #Table #RadiologyAssistant
The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) comprise a heterogenous group of disorders. 
They represent fundamental responses of
have specific patterns ... vascular diseases (e.g ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... ILD #Findings #RadiologyAssistant
UIP
UIP is a histologic pattern of pulmonary fibrosis.
On a chest X-ray UIP manifests as a reticular
UIP UIP is a histologic ... pattern of pulmonary ... a chest X-ray UIP ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #Honeycombing #RadiologyAssistant
Cavities frequently arise within a mass or an area of consolidation as a result of necrosis.
We
can heal and end up ... without associated pulmonary ... emphysema. ... #Clinical #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #RadiologyAssistant
On the left a typical case of panlobular emphysema.
There is uniform destruction of the underlying architecture
the secondary pulmonary ... to widespread areas ... Pulmonary vessels ... #Clinical #Radiology ... PanlobularEmphysema #RadiologyAssistant
Basic Interpretation
A structured approach to interpretation of HRCT involves the following questions:
What is the dominant HR-pattern:
reticular
nodular
high
the dominant HR-pattern ... low attenuation (emphysema ... #Pulmonary #HRCT ... Interpretation #Algorithm ... #ILD #RadiologyAssistant
On the left a patient with DIP.
The HRCT shows diffuse areas of ground-glass density in the
shows diffuse areas ... and some mosaic pattern ... cessation of smoking #Clinical ... #Radiology #CTChest ... #ILD #RadiologyAssistant
On the left a patient with ground glass pattern in a mosaic distribution.
The clue here is
with ground glass pattern ... enlargement of pulmonary ... (arrow) in the areas ... #Clinical #Radiology ... Thromboembolism #RadiologyAssistant