19 results
Hydronephrosis Grading
Grade I - Pelviectasis 
Grade II - Caliectasis (Major Calyces)
Grade III - Caliectasis (Minor Calyces)
Grade
Calyces) Grade IV ... Thinning - POCUS ... Grading #grades #nephrology ... radiology #ultrasound #pocus ... #clinical #diagnosis
Aphasia - Pathophysiology and Clinical Findings
Broca's Aphasia - Expressive language impairment: non-Fluent
 - Sensory speech areas
Aphasia - Pathophysiology ... and Clinical Findings ... deficits #Aphasia #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... Brocas #Wernickes #neurology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Acute ... • Drugs • HIV ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... electrolytes, urea ... investigations depending on clinical ... hepatitis serology, HIV ... #nephrology #causes
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis: MRI ... volume • Patchy areas ... Clinical Presentation ... : The clinical
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Pathogenesis and clinical ... 'second hit' -> ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... white or yellow areas ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... cells per μL • Diagnosis ... should be based on clinical ... periventricular areas ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Clinical ... Cranial Nerve IV ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology