47 results
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Central Retinal ... Pathogenesis and clinical ... => Central Retinal ... edema caused by ... #diagnosis #signs
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm High ... Prolactin + Normal/ Low ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Algorithm - Utilizing ... ADH promotes Urea ... Uric Acid - Low ... High Uric Acid → renal ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm GI Losses ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... Algorithm UOsm ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... solute intake, Renal ... #causes #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Volume ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Algorithm Urine ... Polydipsia • Central ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Algorithm Elevated ... Hypercalcemia Low ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... • Increased urea ... response • Central ... #Polyuria #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes