10 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... mechanism 2) Volume Status ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Diagnosis and Management ... Changes in mental status ... development of Korsakoff syndrome ... Deficiency #Diagnosis #Management ... #neurology #nutrition
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... Assess volume status ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... papilledema • Horner syndrome ... Altered mental status ... • Hypertensive encephalopathy ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... Algorithm and Differential ... electrolytes, urea ... #Injury #AKI #Workup ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ... Altered mental status ... Altered mental status ... Posterior #Reversible #Encephalopathy ... #management #neurology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Demyelinating Syndrome ... Meningitis, Myelopathy, Encephalopathy ... Secondary prevention (statin ... Erythematosus #SLE #CNS #neurology ... cerebritis #diagnosis #management
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... Assess volume status ... demyelination syndrome ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
CNS in the early stages ... Classic HIV Encephalopathy ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
mimic the “Starved state ... hormones that work ... for Refeeding Syndrome ... #differential #algorithm ... #management #treatment