17 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Renal Tubular Defects ... tubule #Liddle ... #Bartter #Gitelman ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... , Liddle syndrome ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low Aldosterone: Liddle's ... secreting tumor, Primary ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... potassium #low #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... , Liddle syndrome ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
• Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... syndromePrimary ... glycyrrhizic acid, Liddle's ... #causes #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects ... acid transporter Bartter ... ascending limb Gitelman ... convoluted tubule Liddle ... #Kidney #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
High Al, Low R - Primary ... glycyrrhizic acid, Liddle's ... h - Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... #nephrology #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... mineralocorticoid excess, Liddle's ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Mineralocorticoid • Primary ... • Licorice • Liddle's ... Barter, or Gitelman ... Syndrome Unremarkable ... metabolic #alkalosis #algorithm
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... mineralocorticoid excess, Liddle ... Mg2+ deficiency, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #diagnosis #nephrology