8 results
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypercalcemia Low ... renal, Bladder, Breast ... Bone Resorption: Hyperthyroid ... #causes #endocrinology
Hyperthyroidism (low TSH, High T4/T3) - Diagnostic Algorithm

Radioactive iodine scan – get if concern for nodular
Hyperthyroidism (low ... ) - Diagnostic Algorithm ... if pregnant or breast ... Hyperthyroidism #Hyperthyroid ... #Workup #Endocrinology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Laboratory Evaluation of Patients for Thyroid Disease 
Hyperthyroidism:
 • Graves disease - TSH low; free T4
with multiple areas ... Euthyroid sick syndrome ... disease course #hypothyroid ... #hyperthyroid # ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... • Fatigue Chloride ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... • Congenital chloride ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... ARVs can have low ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome ... untreated HIV and with low
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , TTKG, distal flow ... Osmoles, Increased Urate ... Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology