11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Hyperthyroidism (low TSH, High T4/T3) - Diagnostic Algorithm

Radioactive iodine scan – get if concern for nodular
Hyperthyroidism (low ... ) - Diagnostic Algorithm ... if pregnant or breast ... Hyperthyroidism #Hyperthyroid ... #Workup #Endocrinology
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
Hypothyroid Myopathy ... mitochondrial oxidative metabolism ... glycolysis dependent) and ... hypertrophy of slow-twitching ... signs #symptoms #endocrinology
Laboratory Evaluation of Patients for Thyroid Disease 
Hyperthyroidism:
 • Graves disease - TSH low; free T4
with multiple areas ... Euthyroid sick syndrome ... disease course #hypothyroid ... #hyperthyroid # ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... as arrhythmias and ... consumption • Low ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and ... Independent (↑ PTH) • LOW ... Disease (CKD) - Metabolism ... Diagnosis #Management #endocrinology ... #differential #algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #nephrology #differential
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
Cushing's Syndrome ... metabolic • Insulin ... hypernatremia, metabolic ... levels following a low-dose ... signs #symptoms #endocrinology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... ARVs can have low ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome ... with low CD4 counts