11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Familial: Bartter ... syndrome and Gitelman ... syndrome, Isolated ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
, NGT suction, Low ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High Al, Low ... h - Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
consumption • Low ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #pathophysiology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... the blood-brain barrier ... ARVs can have low ... the blood-brain barrier ... The clinical syndrome
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Decreased Intake: • Low ... - Diuresis - Bartter ... - Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
, NGT suction, Low ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology