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diagnosis hyponatremia differential causes hypernatremia workup aids associated dementia disorder hand hiv hypotonic neurocognitive neurology physiologic table
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... syndrome • Urine ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... syndrome - ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine ... can be high or low ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... syndrome) • ADH ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hypovolemic - Give volume ... CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic ... syndrome) Euvolemic ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... liver failure • nephrotic ... syndrome • renal ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ADH Independent: • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Beer Potomania - Low ... liver failure, nephrotic ... syndrome ... #causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... mechanism 2) Volume ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... Liver Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... Syndrome, Chronic ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) Definition: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories: • Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment • Mild neurocognitive impairment • HIV dementia Pathophysiology: HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... ARVs can have low ... striatal gray matter volume ... • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome
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