13 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the excretion of sodium ... #nephrology #differential ... #diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... and Differential Diagnosis ... electrolytes, urea ... investigations abnormal ... #nephrology #causes
Abnormal liver function tests algorithm.
 This figure details the initial response to abnormal liver blood tests.
tests algorithm ... suspicious clinical symptoms ... presence of metabolic syndrome ... Areas of diagnostic ... #Algorithm #Hepatology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... at the time of diagnosis ... Self-limiting, chronic but stable ... ), liver (pain/abnormal
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential Diagnosis ... injury • Gait is abnormal ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... dysfunction • Abnormal ... #algorithm
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
(SPS) - Diagnosis ... Pathophysiology ... Oligoclonal bands • Normal ... others (botox, sodium ... Management #treatment #neurology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... Pathophysiology: ... • Normal kidney ... • Urine sodium ... #Hepatology #Nephrology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... on the skin • Areas ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... Syncope • Signs/Symptoms