102 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... electrolytes, urea ... screen, including blood ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Precipitation => • Urate ... Nephropathy (low urine ... nephropathy (high urine
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome
Chronic, indwelling catheter + bacteriuria (Providencia, Klebsiella, E.coli*) + alkaline urine
Tryptophan → Indoxyl
Purple Urine Bag ... Syndrome Chronic ... #Bag #Syndrome ... #PUBS #pathophysiology ... clinical #photo #differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
effective arterial blood ... excess, Liddle syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... ADH promotes Urea ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
What the Color of Urine Can Tell You - Differential Diagnosis by Urine Color
Clear: excess water
Pale
What the Color of Urine ... Can Tell You - Differential ... blueberries, rhubarb, blood ... Syndrome): Indwelling ... #color #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... losses: • High Blood ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Complications
 - Infection damages the urinary tract epithelium causing fibroblast proliferation and
gain access to blood ... Prostatitis - Urease-producing ... Klebsiella) degrade urea ... supersaturation of urine ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology