28 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
electrolytes, urea ... investigations abnormal ... signs • Glomerulonephritis ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... Ill Palsy - abnormal ... dissociation • Other causes ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... lumbar spine Signs ... Areflexia (loss of normal ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... as arrhythmias and ... wasting from other causes ... consumption • Low/Normal ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
Passive neck flexion causes ... cord movement and ... While the pathophysiology ... involuntary reflex to create ... Clinical #Video #PhysicalExam
Hoffman's sign. Even in this specific case, accompanied by a clonus outline (rhythmic contractions). The median
Hoffman's sign. ... this specific case ... Reflex #Positive #Abnormal ... clinical #video #neurology ... #PhysicalExam
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
punctuated by frequent sighs ... hyperventilation syndrome—a ... Occasional sighs ... Abnormalities #Abnormal ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Causes of Petechial Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of hemorrhage, which
Causes of Petechial ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pinpoint areas ... for hepatitis B and ... #physicalexam