10 results
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... barrier (BBB), and infects ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome ... motor slowing and ataxia
Alexia Without Agraphia
Alexia without agraphia is a disconnection syndrome where patients cannot read but can write.
disconnection syndrome ... occlusion is the most common ... Pathophysiology: ... Infarct (most common ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
Immunodeficiency disorder ... • Affects 1:25,000 ... - gastric and breast ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... (Epstein-Barr syndrome
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
are much more common ... • Sjögren’s syndrome ... are much more common ... • Visual field defect ... optic disk • HIV
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
times than men • Commonly ... and pernicious anemia ... Pathophysiology ... other neurological disorders ... limb or joint disorders
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Suspect in movement disorders ... Symptoms: AMS, motor deficits ... , gait ataxia, and ... periventricular areas ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Spinal Cord Disorders ... often- Sensory ataxia ... , HIV, CMV, HTLV ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... differential #algorithm
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Or brainstem syndromes ... Afferent pupillary defect ... impairment, Mood disorder ... Cramping, Weakness, Ataxia ... • Acute: - IV
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rhabdomyolysis = Destruction of skeletal muscle with leakage of contents into circulation.
Compression • Genetic Defects ... Mitochondrial disorders ... Coxsackie virus, EBV, HIV ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... #table
Elevated Globulin - Protein Gap (Total Protein - Albumin > 4)

Work-up of an Elevated Globulin Gap:
•
changes (POEMS syndrome ... infections (acute HIV ... Connective tissue disorders ... Thalassemia, Sickle cell anemia ... Comment on type