7 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Renal Tubular Defects ... tubule #Liddle ... #Bartter #Gitelman ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low Aldosterone: Liddle's ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... potassium #low #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
acid transporter Bartter ... ascending limb Gitelman ... convoluted tubule Liddle ... #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
as arrhythmias and ... mineralocorticoid excess, Liddle's ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
• Skin and/or ... • Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... glycyrrhizic acid, Liddle's ... #causes #nephrology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... the blood-brain barrier ... (BBB), and infects ... the blood-brain barrier ... The clinical syndrome
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Osmotic diuresis, Bartter's ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... (Conn's, Liddle's ... lymphomas, IV hyperalimentation ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology