14 results
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Increased open time and ... #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... as arrhythmias and ... be treated with IV ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #potassium #nephrology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... infects the CNS ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome ... ataxia
Alexia Without Agraphia
Alexia without agraphia is a disconnection syndrome where patients cannot read but can write.
disconnection syndrome ... comprehension and ... Pathophysiology: ... Agraphia #clinical #neurology ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... history of cancer, HIV ... • Neurological deficits ... Systemic symptoms and ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... electrolytes, urea ... hepatitis serology, HIV ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... Campylobacter jejuni - HIV ... Paresthesias: Hands ... Opthaloplegia • Ataxia ... management #treatment #neurology
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
Affects 1:25,000 ... breast cancer ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... (Epstein-Barr syndrome ... , HIV) • Glucocorticoid
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
diuretic use), Gitelman's ... syndrome (mimics ... lymphomas, IV hyperalimentation ... megaloblastic anemia ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Symptoms: AMS, motor deficits ... monoparesis), limb ataxia ... , gait ataxia, and ... periventricular areas ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology