13 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
(particularly common ... - Gitelman ... Genetic defects ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Increased open time and ... #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Alexia Without Agraphia
Alexia without agraphia is a disconnection syndrome where patients cannot read but can write.
disconnection syndrome ... occlusion is the most common ... Pathophysiology: ... Infarct (most common ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
Common Variable ... • Affects 1:25,000 ... - gastric and breast ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... (Epstein-Barr syndrome
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
- Refeeding syndrome ... rice, Cereals • Low ... pulmonary HTN is common ... Ophthalmoplegia - Ataxia ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... infects the CNS ... ARVs can have low ... The clinical syndrome ... ataxia
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is the symptomatic presentation of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection

 •
Acute Retroviral Syndrome ... Acute Retroviral Syndrome ... infection - Most common ... enzymes ↑ • Mild anemia ... Treatment: • ART to slow
Commonly Observed Laboratory Findings in Hepatic / Liver Failure
 - Elevated conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin -
Commonly Observed ... unconjugated bilirubin - Defects ... Hyperammonemia - Impaired urea ... deficiency - Anemia ... the hepatorenal syndrome
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Stiff Person Syndrome ... times than men • Commonly ... pernicious anemia ... Pathophysiology ... Management #treatment #neurology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Epidemiology: • Most common ... • M > F • Affects ... CBC • Confirm: Flow ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... • Richter’s Syndrome