13 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Localization of ... Renal Tubular Defects ... #Localization # ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Aldosterone: Liddle's ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
, NGT suction, Low ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects ... ascending limb Gitelman ... convoluted tubule Liddle ... #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Gitelman ... Genetic defects ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
glycyrrhizic acid, Liddle's ... Syndrome, Congenital ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... • Licorice • Liddle's ... Syndrome • Enzyme ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
mineralocorticoid excess, Liddle's ... consumption • Low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
, NGT suction, Low ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... deficiency • Liddle ... tubule reabsorptive defect ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... #nephrology