11 results
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Gitelman Syndrome ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... , Gitelman syndrom ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... tubule reabsorptive defect ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... after fasting #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... hypomagnesemia • Metabolic ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Bartter - Gitelman ... • Fatigue Chloride ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Increased open time and ... #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... as arrhythmias and ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Failure to Thrive - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Adequate Calorie Consumption
 - Increased Losses:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Utilize: • Metabolic ... Disorders • Syndromes ... Congenital Heart Defect ... inadequate protein and
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... infects the CNS ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology