23 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Proximal tubule Bartter ... loop of Henle Gitelman ... #Fanconi #Bartter ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... furosemide) - Bartter ... Gitelman syndrome ... • Severe potassium ... depletion (serum potassium
Pocket Comparison Guide to Heritable Hypertension Syndromes (Secondary Hypertension)

Bartter, Gitelman, Liddle, Primary Aldosteronism, 
GRA (Glucocorticoid Remediable
Heritable Hypertension Syndromes ... Hypertension) Bartter ... , Gitelman, Liddle ... Aldosterone, Cortisol, Potassium ... #Comparison #Table
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... h - Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... Hypomagnesemia - Familial: Bartter ... syndrome and Gitelman ... syndrome, Isolated ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology