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diagnosis differential algorithm causes hypokalemia antiarrhythmics cardiology classes pharmacology aids alkalosis associated chloride dementia disorder epithelial high hiv hyperkalemia hypomagnesemia
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... acidosis: Proximal and ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Gitelman ... Genetic defects ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
as arrhythmias and ... treated with IV potassium ... consumption • Low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #nephrology #low
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Inherited Defects ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Increased open time and ... #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification: CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers: • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... channel blocking effects ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary Cardiac Conduction Phases: Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization: • Na+ channels open leading to a
Vaughan Williams Classification ... channel blocking effects ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) Definition: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories: • Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment • Mild neurocognitive impairment • HIV dementia Pathophysiology: HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... infects the CNS ... ARVs can have low ... The clinical syndrome ... with low CD4 counts
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Hereditary defects ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification
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