22 results
Ammonium Urate Crystals on Urine Microscopy
Very much like a black sea urchin in these particular examples

Dr.
Ammonium Urate Crystals ... on Urine Microscopy ... @JoseTesser #Ammonium ... crystalluria #clinical #nephrology ... #urine #microscopy
Urine Microscopy Crystals
Uric Acid crystals:
 - Formation promoted by acidic urine
 - Seen in tumor lysis
Urine Microscopy ... in tumor lysis syndrome ... disease Magnesium ammonium ... Seen in UTIs by urease-producing ... #comparison #table
Urine Osmolar Gap Calculation

Urine Osmolar Gap represents ammonium salts = Measured Urine Osmolality - (2 x
Urine Osmolar Gap ... Calculation Urine ... Gap represents ammonium ... Na + 2 x K + Urea ... OsmolarGap #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
major sources of ammonia ... - Inherited Urea ... : - Urease producing ... rare): - Reye syndrome ... #Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Precipitation => • Urate ... Nephropathy (low urine ... nephropathy (high urine
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... → Increased urine ... SaltWasting #SIADH #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #hyponatremia #comparison
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... causes #urology #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
microscopy / urinary ... electrolytes, urea ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
volume overload Urea ... metabolized into ammonium ... by urease-producing ... Saline: • If Urine ... #hyponatremia #nephrology