18 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... #Retinopathy #Diabetes ... #ophthalmology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... either secondary or primary ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... Gitelman's syndrome • Primary ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... 100 mOsm/kg) • Primary ... • Nephrogenic Diabetes ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... #causes #nephrology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Production • Renal ... + High TSH • Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... Endocrinology #Causes
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... cell disease - Renal ... High Renin - Primary ... Low Renin - Diabetes ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... • Increased urea ... Recovery from Acute Renal ... Deprivation Test • Primary ... #Causes
Pruritus - Generalized Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Systemic and Primary Causes
== Primary Skin Lesions ==
Macules /
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Causes == Primary ... Blood Glucose: • Diabetes ... BUN: • Chronic renal ... #causes
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Primary - Over-production ... of nucleotides Primary ... Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... endocrinology #causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... or normal): • Primary ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... #causes #endocrinology
Primary Bone Tumors - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 

Metastatic - Most common tumour in adults
 - Breast
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... in adults - Breast ... Thyroid - Lung - Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Orthopedics #Causes