36 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
into the deeper retinal ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... macula, and/or retina ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications
Ocular Ultrasound Pocketcard
Painless Vision Loss
 • Retinal Detachment 
 • Posterior Vitreous Detachment 
 • Vitreous
Vision Loss • Retinal ... Periorbital Edema - POCUS ... Ocular #Ultrasound #pocus ... #differential #diagnosis ... #radiology #ophthalmology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm High ... Production • Renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
white or yellow areas ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Amblyopia - Lazy Eye - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Deprivational - Obstruction of Visual Axis:
 • Ptosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Deprivational ... Hemangioma • Retinal ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... absent or partial retinal ... spread • Sub-retinal ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Relative ... Nerve Tumor • Retinal ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Elevated ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... #Algorithm #causes
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm - Utilizing ... ADH promotes Urea ... High Uric Acid → renal ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Elevated Amylase (Hyperamylasemia)- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pancreatic causes:
 - Pancreatic cancer
 - Complications pancreatitis: eg pseudocyst
 -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Pancreatic ... Pancreatic cancer - Complications ... Active IBID - Renal ... #Algorithm