38 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive ... Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension ... white or yellow areas ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
and Secondary Causes ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Secondary Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes
Ocular Ultrasound Pocketcard
Painless Vision Loss
 • Retinal Detachment 
 • Posterior Vitreous Detachment 
 • Vitreous
Vision Loss • Retinal ... Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ... Periorbital Edema - POCUS ... Ocular #Ultrasound #pocus ... diagnosis #radiology #ophthalmology
Approach to Possible Hypertensive Emergency

criteria required to diagnose hypertensive emergency
(1) Severe hypertension
 - Usually a MAP
Approach to Possible Hypertensive ... mm is needed to cause ... a hypertensive ... proteinuria, or chronic renal ... Emergency #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
Macular hole • Hypertensive ... Concussion Other Causes ... syndrome, diabetes, hypertension ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology ... #causes
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
into the deeper retinal ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... macula, and/or retina ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Intake • Chronic Renal ... Production • Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... Endocrinology #Causes
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Wool Spots Caused ... axoplasm into retina ... Long DDx: hypertension ... Spots #fundoscopy #ophthalmology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Recent hypo/hypertension ... Urine Na/K/Cl/urea ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Differential