22 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Hypercalcemia - ... EKG Findings Causes ... #EKG #ECG #Electrocardiogram ... #Differential #Causes ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification
Class I (Ia, Ib, Ic) - Na+ Channel Blockade
 • Slows depolarization
Ib, Ic) - Na+ Channel ... III - K+ Channel ... IV - Ca2+ Channel ... Classification #Classes ... #cardiology #pharmacology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
1 - Sodium Channel ... ++ influx into cells ... inotropy) ACCP Cardiology ... Classification #Classes ... pathophysiology #cardiology
Bradycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

BRADI Mnemonic
 • BRASH/Hyperkalemia
 • Reduced oxygen/Glucose/Temp
 • ACS
 • Drugs
 •
blockers • Calcium channel ... Typhoid fever • Chagas ... Spondylarthropathies Other causes ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #cardiology #BRADI
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
increases out of cells ... ++ influx into cells ... inotropy) ACCP Cardiology ... Classification #Classes ... pathophysiology #phases #cardiology
Causes of Myocarditis
Infectious Etiologies:
 • Viral agents: Adenoviruses, Enteroviruses (coxsackievirus), Herpesviruses (human herpesvirus 6, Epstein—Barr virus),
Causes of Myocarditis ... Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas ... disease, Giant cell ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
Primary Bone Tumors - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 

Metastatic - Most common tumour in adults
 - Breast
in adults - Breast ... Non-Malignant • Giant Cell ... #Orthopedics #Causes ... #Oncology #Radiology
EKG in Acute Pulmonary Embolism
The sensitivity and specificity for EKG findings in acute PE are low.
EKG
evaluating for other causes ... Non-specific ST-T Changes ... AcutePE #diagnosis #cardiology ... #electrocardiogram
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
pumped outside the cell ... intracellular calcium causes ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... from entering the cell ... Pathophysiology #cardiology
Intraoperative  Bradycardia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Bradycardia in theatre should not be treated as
problem (Box C). ❽ Call ... Consider known drug causes ... digoxin; calcium channel ... myocardial infarction, hyperkalaemia ... Management #Workup #Cardiology