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diagnosis differential altered ams management manifestations nephrology aids cerebritis epilepticus erythematosus glomerular headache hiv hypertension infections infectiousdiseases lupus mental mnemonic
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework Hypertension: • Hypertensive emergency • Hypertensive encephalopathy
Altered Mental Status ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism CNS ... compensatory HTN • Seizures ... /agitation • CNS
Altered Mental Status - Differential Diagnosis • Neurologic: Stroke, Cerebral hypoxia, Cerebral hemorrhage, Seizure, Trauma, TBI,
Differential Diagnosis • Neurologic ... Cerebral hemorrhage, Seizure ... Electrolyte disturbance, Uremia ... , Hepatic encephalopathy ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hyperacute: - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma
Causes of Encephalopathy ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure ... paraneoplastic syndromes ... #Causes
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Unprovoked - Epilepsy: • Focal: Simple, Complex • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Cerebral Hypoxia, Uremia ... #Causes #neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red flags (PHANTOMS): • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... Altered mental status ... fever, myalgia), seizures ... brain lesion • CNS ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Demyelinating Syndrome ... Movement disorders, Seizure ... autoantibodies that will cause ... Secondary prevention (statin ... #neurology #rheumatology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ... may precede the neurologic ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause ... #management #neurology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... facial numbness), Encephalopathy ... with seizures ( ... pain • Extra-CNS ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections: •
altered mental status ... , and focal neurologic ... Demyelinating disease caused ... rapidly progressive encephalopathy ... • VZV • HIV encephalopathy
Causes of Status Epilepticus in Adults METABOLIC DISTURBANCES Hepatic encephalopathy Hypocalcemia Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia Hyponatremia Uremia INFECTIOUS PROCESSES Central nervous system abscess Encephalitis Meningitis WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES Alcohol Antiepileptic drugs Baclofen Barbiturates Benzodiazepines CENTRAL
Causes of Status ... DISTURBANCES Hepatic encephalopathy ... Hyponatremia Uremia ... #Epilepticus #Seizures ... #neurology
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