1558 results
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
calcium-containing stones ... X-rays useful tor stone ... - Better tor ureteropelvic ... ureteric and renal stones ... Renal #Kidney #stones
UROLITHIASIS 

80% of stones are composed of calcium oxalate or phosphate. Others include uric acid (9%),
UROLITHIASIS 80% of stones ... & cystine (1%) stones ... Struvite stones, ... Uric acid stone ... Cystine stones are
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
carcinoma - Stone ... Intramural • Ureteropelvic ... • Bladder stone
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
Kidney stone type ... Urinary #Kidney #Stones
Medications for Recurrent Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) Stones
HYPERCALCIURIA
 • Thiazides: HCT, Indapamide, Chlorthalidone
 • Consider after first
Oxalate (CaOx) Stones ... Consider after first stone ... kidney - Large stone ... risk in CaPO4 stones ... Oxalate #CaOx #Stones
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
signs, Fragile bones ... osteoporosis, Kidney stones ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
The cardiac cycle and the ECG, all together explained

#Pathophysiology #Cardiology #CardiacCycle #Stages #Systole #Diastole #HeardSounds #Pressures
explained #Pathophysiology ... #CardiacCycle #Stages
Stages in the Development of Diabetes Type 1

#Diabetes #Type1 #TypeI #DM1 #Stages #Development #Pathophysiology #Timeline #Diagnosis
Stages in the Development ... Type1 #TypeI #DM1 #Stages ... #Development #Pathophysiology
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion
Alcoholic ketoacidosis - Methanol - Ethylene glycol - Isopropyl Alcohol
 • Metabolic Acidosis
 •
Serum / Urine Ketones ... AKI / Ca Oxalate stones
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Pediatric Kidney Stones ... • Try retrieve stone ... ELECTIVE: - Stone ... Stent: < 2 cm stone ... URS: Ureteric stone