62 results
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... early (distal urethra ... tract), terminal (bladder ... prostatic) #Diagnosis #EM
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Renal Mass Ureteral ... gross hematuria Bladder ... • Cystitis • Bladder ... Biopsy Renal/Ureter ... /Bladder (Upper
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Causes of Urinary ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... cancer • Urethral ... • Posterior Urethral ... #Causes #Urology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
tumour, stone, BPH, urethral ... poorly coapting urethra ... unit; Decreased urethral ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Studies - SUI — Decr urethral
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PRE-Renal AKI:
 • Hypovolemia
 • Congestion
 • Medications
 •
Kidney Injury (AKI ... INTRA-Renal AKI ... POST-Renal AKI ... obstruction, Neurogenic bladder ... • Bilateral ureteral
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
Kidney Injury (AKI ... /Cr - Renal/bladder ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Differential
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
tubular necrosis (causes ... prolonged prerenal AKI ... Postrenal: • Ureteral ... • Neurogenic bladder ... EricsMedicalLectures/ #AKI
Causes of Enuresis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (Urinary Control Never Achieved)
 • Delayed Maturation
Causes of Enuresis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diabetes Insipidus, Urethral ... Palsy, Neurogenic Bladder ... #Causes #Peds #
Causes of Nausea and Vomiting - Differential Algorithm #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Causes #Nausea #Vomiting #Differential #NonGI
Causes of Nausea ... - Differential Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #EM ... #IM #Causes #Nausea ... Differential #NonGI #Algorithm
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... Kidney Injury AKI ... malignant) • Ureteral ... cancer) • Urinary bladder ... #causes #Acute