3062 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Renal Mass Ureteral ... gross hematuria Bladder ... • Cystitis • Bladder ... Biopsy Renal/Ureter ... /Bladder (Upper
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
tumour, stone, BPH, urethral ... poorly coapting urethra ... unit; Decreased urethral ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Studies - SUI — Decr urethral
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Causes of Urinary ... Upper Tract - Bladder ... cancer • Urethral ... • Posterior Urethral ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Types of Urinary Incontinence
 - Stress Incontinence - The urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
Incontinence - The urethral ... pressure raise the bladder ... The bladder is typically ... The bladder is typically ... Classification #Causes
Causes of Enuresis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (Urinary Control Never Achieved)
 • Delayed Maturation
Causes of Enuresis ... Diabetes Insipidus, Urethral ... Palsy, Neurogenic Bladder ... Pediatric Unstable Bladder ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Causes of Urinary ... Easily reversible cause ... Incontinence - Failure of urethral ... Incontinence - Distended bladder ... medications • Bladder
Causes of Hematuria - Glomerular vs Non-glomerular

== Glomerular ==
- Glomerulonephritis 
- Thin basement membrane disease 

==
Causes of Hematuria ... malformation Ureter ... - Polyp Bladder ... Nonglomerular #Causes
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... Infarction, AV fistula Ureter ... Calculi, Stricture Bladder ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Complications
 - Infection damages the urinary tract epithelium causing fibroblast proliferation and
extends above the bladder ... bacteria from urethra ... urea which may cause
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
tubular necrosis (causes ... Postrenal: • Ureteral ... • Neurogenic bladder