2855 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Renal Mass Ureteral ... Causes of Hematuria ... Diverticulum Urethra ... /Prostate Causes ... Urethritis • Urethral
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
tumour, stone, BPH, urethral ... poorly coapting urethra ... unit; Decreased urethral ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Studies - SUI — Decr urethral
Types of Urinary Incontinence
 - Stress Incontinence - The urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
Incontinence - The urethral ... levels that exceed urethral ... overcome the normal urethral ... insufficient to overcome urethral ... Classification #Causes
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Causes of Urinary ... cancer • Urethral ... • Posterior Urethral ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Causes of Urinary ... Easily reversible cause ... Incontinence - Failure of urethral ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Enuresis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (Urinary Control Never Achieved)
 • Delayed Maturation
Causes of Enuresis ... Diabetes Insipidus, Urethral ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... Cervical cancer Urethral
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... malignant) • Ureteral ... NephroP #AKI #causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
tubular necrosis (causes ... Postrenal: • Ureteral
Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Complications
 - Infection damages the urinary tract epithelium causing fibroblast proliferation and
bacteria from urethra ... urea which may cause