38 results
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... Impaired forward flow ... OBSTRUCTIVE • Urinary ... cervical cancer) • Urinary ... Glomerulonephritides (GN) • Primary
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... is ruled out, causes ... filling of bucket (low ... all the time (urinary ... #workup #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... urine microscopy / urinary ... calcium Optional: urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... #causes
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Evaluation 1) Clinical clues ... → Primary hyperapara ... → Primary hyperpara ... FeCa <1 %) - Low ... Hypercalcemia #workup
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... : Hypovolemia, Low ... circulating volume, Urinary ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC CAUSES ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Mixed Urinary Incontinence ... Findings Urgency Urinary ... Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary ... sudden, strong urge ... SUI or UUI not caused
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... consumption • Low ... #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Vasopressin-independent - Consider: Primary ... polydipsia, Low ... differential #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... Normal or High PTH: Primary ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low ... #phosphate #nephrology