76 results
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... sudden, strong urge ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Causes of Urinary ... - Differential Diagnosis ... multiparous women - Urge ... Contraction - Signs ... Obstruction #Urinary
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
Primary Sjogren’ ... Findings • Primary ... processes like primary ... erythematosus (SLE) Signs ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Primary hypoadrenalism (Addison’s disease) – symptoms, signs

#Diagnosis #Hypoadrenalism #Addisons #Disease #Hypoadrenalism #Signs #Symptoms

** GrepMed Recommended Text:
Primary hypoadrenalism ... disease) – symptoms, signs ... #Diagnosis # ... Hypoadrenalism #Signs ... Greenspan's Basic and Clinical
Woltman’s sign on Physical Exam

53-year-old man presented with fatigue and sensitivity to cold. A physical examination
Woltman’s sign on ... reflex — Woltman’s sign ... of primary hypothyroidism ... Woltman’s sign, ... #Woltmans #Signs
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary ... Comparison: • Primary ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... endocrinology #PTH #Primary
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urine microscopy / urinary ... calcium Optional: urinary ... investigations abnormal ... context and signs ... #nephrology #causes
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
Lower Urinary Tract ... neurogenic bladder, urinary ... epithelium -> Lower Urinary ... causing symptoms Signs ... #Signs #Symptoms
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
UTIs, indwelling urinary ... Signs/Symptoms: ... frequency, urinary ... be present or signs ... Pathophysiology:
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis