12 results
Urine Electrolyte Interpretation - AKI, Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia and Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis

#Urine #Electrolytes #Interpretation #ULytes #AKI #FENa
, Hyponatremia, ... Hypokalemia and ... Non-Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis #Urine ... FEUrea #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Syndrome ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Syndrome ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypovolemia ... with renal tubal acidosis ... and metabolic alkalosis
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... acidosis: Proximal ... #diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Altered Level of Consciousness GCS < 7 - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Brain Involvement - Hemispheric
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Brain ... Dioxide Narcosis • Metabolic ... AcidosisHypernatremia ... • Hypocalcemia
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... Renal Losses (AKI ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #differential #diagnosis
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Weakness - Dark urine ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... + myoglobin AKI
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
- Differential Diagnosis ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... • Labs: - Metabolic ... - AKI - Liver ... tissue damage (AKI