39 results
diagnosis differential hypokalemia hyponatremia management aki alkalosis hematuria workup acute urology blood hyperkalemia hypernatremia intercellularshift kidneyinjury nongap potassium treatment urinalysis
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
“Muddy Brown” Casts ... on Urine Microscopy ... appreciated at low ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #Clinical #Nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Sodium 4) Serum ... Uric Acid - Low ... High Uric Acid → renal ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low #uricacid
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Nephrology #Causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses ... intake • Metabolic ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... sodium is typically ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified
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