13 results
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... Granular - May ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm ... • Normal/low blood ... causes of anion ... , the urine sodium ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... Algorithm and Differential ... microscopy / urinary ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... the urinary tract ... urinary tract ... renal disease • Granular ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... unilateral flank pain ... if cause not identified ... #blood #urine
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... Upper and Lower urinary ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Blood (hemoglobin ... Microscopic exam ... • Red blood cells ... • Urinary casts ... : • White blood
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... circulating volume, Urinary ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... The next step in ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
treat underlying cause ... Pain. ... , CNS Disease, Meds ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium