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diagnosis algorithm management endocarditis hematuria syndrome treatment urology workup adh aki ebv glomerular hepatology hepatorenal hrs hypovolemia infectiousdiseases injury kidney
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... are seen in acute ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... Workup #urology #blood
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... • 1ml blood/liter ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
vast majority of cases ... Measure urine osmolality ... the underlying cause ... #Differential # ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
Hyponatremia (<135 ... osmolality helps to differentiate ... lower than 80% in cases ... Rise in blood urea ... causes the hyponatremia
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... UA positive for blood ... Cast formation: ... #treatment #nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Approach to the differential ... arbitrarily defined as urine ... content [85].2>5 red blood ... cell/white cell casts ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Endocarditis Summary Who? Infectious: • Pre-existing valvular disease • Prosthetic valve • Congenital heart disease • IV substance use • IV catheter • Recent
Microbiology: Blood ... positive in 90% of IE cases ... Culture (+): Acute ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) Definition: • Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment. • Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
hepatitis, or acute ... (no casts, protein ... , or blood) ... essential in all cases ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
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