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diagnosis algorithm differential renal hematuria nephritic proteinuria urinary workup acute aki casts chloride classification comparison diseases diuresis diuretics excretion glomerulonephritis
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
/nephritic syndromes ... the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... #Nephrotic #Syndromes ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
• Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... if cause not identified ... #blood #urine
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... content [85].2>5 red blood ... urine sediment ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... #syndrome #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... disease Red blood ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... syndrome ("Maltese ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... • Interstitial nephritis ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low blood ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... losses: • High Blood ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... formation along glomerular ... anti-phospholipid syndrome ... glomerulopathy, radiation nephritis ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology
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