12 results
diagnosis differential algorithm syndrome management workup gitelman hematuria hypokalemia pathophysiology acute aki chloride diuresis diuretics encephalopathy excretion frost hepatology hepatorenal
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine # ... blood
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
• Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified ... #blood #urine
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cause - Decreased Intake: • Low salt in diet • Exclusive D5W
- Metabolic alkalosis ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... gas transport, renal ... metabolic alkalosis ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... Weakness - Dark urine ... UA positive for blood ... #treatment #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup Blood Work: - Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis - Elevated
Diagnosis and Workup Blood ... Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Elevated Renin Urine ... excretion of Cl > 0.5% Clinical ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... hyperreactivity • Urologic ... Kidney stones caused ... Prevention of blood ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... elevated white blood ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
tubule (DCT) Clinical ... Normal or low blood ... • Hypokalemia (renal ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
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