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diagnosis differential algorithm blood diuresis diuretics excretion gitelman hematuria hyperkalemia hypokalemia hyponatremia k medications methotrexate pathophysiology pharmacology potassium prs pulmonary
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... • Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
mononeuritis multiplex WORKUP ... : UA, Urine protein ... hypercellular glomeruli ... differential #diagnosis #management ... #treatment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... Weakness - Dark urine ... #causes #treatment ... #nephrology
Methotrexate Renal Toxicity Prevention: • Alkalinize the urine, keep urine ph >7 • Start pre-treatment 12
Methotrexate Renal ... , keep urine ph ... see metabolic alkalosis ... #Toxicity #management ... #treatment #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia is usually caused ... 3 questions to work ... Measure urine osmolality ... the underlying cause ... #management #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... lysis) ± Urine ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... only if no clear cause ... #nephrology #K
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
• Hypokalemia (renal ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
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