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diagnosis differential aki algorithm blood hematuria microscopy urology atlas framework glomerulonephritis hypophosphatemia injury key kidney kidneyinjury management membranoproliferative metabolic mpgn
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... repeat testing • Acute ... • Evidence of glomerular ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... for renal biopsy
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... osmolarity If cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... are seen in acute ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... leukemia Measure Urine ... resp. alkalosis ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... #phosphate #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... diuretics after renal ... generally indicates a renal ... #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... formation along glomerular ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology ... #diagnosis #renal
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
mononeuritis multiplex WORKUP ... : UA, Urine protein ... Goodpasture's cause ... hematuria, RBC casts ... hypercellular glomeruli
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