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diagnosis differential algorithm aki acute injury workup nephrotic hyponatremia management casts microscopy nephritic potassium proteinuria syndrome treatment acidosis blood chloride
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
kidney injury (AKI ... components of the kidney ... vascular supply; glomerular ... GBM, Glomerular ... #Sites #Nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
• Evidence of glomerular ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... hematuria • Signs of glomerular ... Suggestive of glomerular ... #urology #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework PRE-Renal AKI: • Hypovolemia • Congestion • Medications •
Acute Kidney Injury ... PRE-Renal AKI: • Hypovolemia ... • Vascular • Glomerular ... #AKI #Acute #Kidney ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... • Cell shift: Hypokalemic ... ↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... syndrome #hypokalemia ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... wasting from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... Proteinuria (Negative urine ... • Drugs Glomerular ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Approach to Acute Kidney ... require urgent nephrology ... common culprits: Hypovolemia ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... imaging #Acute #Kidney ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
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