13 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
hematuria • Signs ... Malignant HTN • Renal ... thrombosis • Renal ... Sickle cell) • Renal ... TURP/Biopsy Renal
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... clinical context and signs ... HIV serology, renal ... eosinophiluria, renal ... markers • Cardio-renal
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Lung cancer • Renal ... - (Neisseria meningitidis ... addisons #disease #endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Drug-induced • High purine ... Diabetic acidosis - Renal ... • Chronic renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... patient has good renal ... function/urine ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
eg, presence of renal ... bruit or signs ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Renal parenchymal
Biphasic Illness of Leptospirosis
Some patients do not progress to severe disease. Others, rapidly develop severe disease
rash • Others: nausea ... ): • Aseptic meningitis ... Weil's disease (renal ... Diagnosis #Illness #Signs
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... 21-OHD in the adrenal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... non-arousable, decr urine ... pathophysiology #genetics #endocrinology
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
↑ 24-hour urine ... the abdomen for adrenal ... tumors • The adrenal ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology
Newborn Infant - Routine Examination

Birthweight, gestational age and birthweight percentile are noted.
General observation Of the baby's
is also a late sign ... of meningitis. ... are observed for signs ... which are usually renal ... Newborn #Infant #PhysicalExam